Introduction

Vietnam Veterans Day is a day set aside to honor and pay tribute to the brave men and women who served during the Vietnam War. The Vietnam War was arguably one of the most controversial and divisive conflicts in American history.

Vietnam Veterans Day is celebrated every year on March 29th, which is the anniversary of the day when combat and combat support units withdrew from Vietnam. It is important to note the difference in dates. On March 29, 1973, all U.S. combat units were removed from Vietnam and the United States pulled out of Vietnam.

Over the next two years, as stipulations in the peace accord were ironed out and implemented, the U.S. military slowly moved troops and equipment out of the region. Behind the scenes, American diplomats struggled to come to terms that were agreeable with all parties.

Having rebuilt their forces and upgraded their logistics system, the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) triggered a major offensive in the Central Highlands in March 1975. On April 30, 1975, NVA tanks rolled through the gate of the Presidential Palace in Saigon, effectively ending the war for real. However, March 29, 1973 is the date recognized as the official end of combat operations by the United States, and April 30, 1975 is the day that is recognized as the official end of the war.  

In this blog post, we will explore the origin of Vietnam Veterans Day, its importance, and some interesting facts about the day and the war.

Vietnam War Background

The Vietnam War took place from 1955 to 1975 and was fought between the North Vietnamese Army/ Viet Cong and the United States. The war claimed millions of lives, and those who survived often came back wounded, scarred, or facing unresolved traumas. Unfortunately, many Vietnam veterans returned to the United States to a less than favorable reception from the public.

Veterans faced discrimination, hostility, and neglect, which made their transition back into civilian life even more difficult. This is why the observance of Vietnam Veterans Day is significant, as it acknowledges the sacrifice and bravery of the men and women who served in the Vietnam War.

More than 58,000 U.S. military personnel died in the Vietnam War. Of that, 47,434 died in combat.

Vietnam Veterans Day Concept

The idea of Vietnam Veterans Day began as a grassroots effort, with individual states observing the day in different ways. In 1985, President Ronald Reagan officially declared March 29th as Vietnam Veterans Day, which was commemorated with a parade in Washington, D.C. However, it wasn't until 2017 that the day became a national holiday with the passage of the Vietnam War Veterans Recognition Act.

Today, Vietnam Veterans Day is celebrated across the country with ceremonies, parades, and other events to honor and pay homage to veterans of the Vietnam War and recognize their sacrifices.

Vietnam War Facts

One of the most interesting facts about the Vietnam War is that the draft was instituted during this time, which affected millions of young Americans. A significant number of the draftees went on to serve in Vietnam, including many who opposed the war in principle but felt compelled to serve their country.

The Vietnam War was fought in very challenging conditions, from dense jungle terrain to harsh weather conditions. The soldiers had to endure extreme heat, leech-infested swamps, and challenging mountain ranges, to name a few.

Another fact about the Vietnam War is that it was a war without borders. The enemy hid among civilians and employed guerilla tactics as well as traditional warfare. The tactics employed by the Viet Cong forced the American soldiers to fight with a different set of rules, which resulted in numerous casualties and created long-term mental and physical challenges for the combatants.

According to the Department of Veterans Affairs, while the majority of Vietnam Veterans successfully readjusted to postwar life, a substantial minority of Vietnam-era Veterans have suffered from a variety of psychological problems, and have experienced a wide range of life-adjustment problems.

During the Vietnam War, the U.S. military used more than 19 million gallons of various herbicides for defoliation and crop destruction in the Republic of Vietnam. Veterans who served in Vietnam anytime during the period beginning Jan. 9, 1962, and ending May 7, 1975, are presumed to have been exposed to herbicides.

These facts are solid reasons as to why we celebrate Vietnam Veterans Day.

Conclusion

Vietnam Veterans Day is a day to honor and pay tribute to the brave men and women who served in the Vietnam War. March 29th marks the day combat and combat support units withdrew from Vietnam. While Americans did not immediately recognize the efforts and sacrifice of these brave soldiers, we now regularly celebrate and thank veterans for their service.

Part of the reason Americans thank military personnel for their service is because of how poorly the Nation treated American servicemembers when they came home from the Vietnam War. There is a reenergized sense of gratitude for veterans in this nation now that collectively we have seen that we did an injustice to the Vietnam veterans who returned home from war and service to their country.

Rather than level our disappointment on the political establishment, we instead, as a nation, mistakenly mistreated our veterans for actions politicians ordered. The hatred and disappointment of the American public was misdirected and today, we celebrate Vietnam Veterans Day to make up for it.

It is essential for us to remember those who have risked everything to serve their country, and we hope that this tradition of remembrance will continue for generations to come. Soldiers do not unilaterally decide to go to war. It is elected officials, our lawmakers, who identify friend or foe, and declare war on nations. Soldiers merely execute directives.

Vietnam Veterans did their duty and they did it honorably. They did not lose their battles, but their nation walked away from their war and from them. Today, we celebrate Vietnam Veterans Day to make amends.

Introduction

The Vietnam War was one of the most significant military conflicts of the 20th Century. It lasted for more than a decade and had a profound impact on the world, especially in the United States.

There are many Vietnam War battles that shaped the war’s outcome and defined its legacy. These Vietnam War battles were fought by American and Vietnamese soldiers and were marked by significant losses and gains on both sides.

What’s important to note in this article is that we are choosing Vietnam War battles that had significant meaning to those who fought the war, meaning, these Vietnam War battles listed below might not have changed the outcome of the war, but they left an impact on the men and women who were there for the action. Some of them do have a strategic significance, but others do not.

In this blog post, we will explore some of the most important Vietnam War battles and their significance.

Battle of Ia Drang Valley

The Battle of Ia Drang Valley was the first major battle between the U.S. Army and the North Vietnamese Army. The battle took place in November 1965, and the fighting lasted for three days.

The Army used helicopters to deploy troops behind enemy lines, and this tactic proved to be highly effective. However, the North Vietnamese also had well-trained soldiers and managed to inflict significant losses on the Americans. The battle was recognized as a turning point in the war as it showed that the North Vietnamese Army was a formidable opponent.

This was the first of Vietnam War battles that would be milestones in the war. This battle was made into a movie starring Mel Gibson and based on the book by the late retired Lt. Gen. Hal Moore. Fort Benning was recently renamed in his honor and is now Fort Moore.

Siege of Khe Sanh

The Siege of Khe Sanh was a military engagement that lasted for 77 days between January and April 1968. The battle took place in the Khe Sanh Valley in South Vietnam and was fought between the U.S. Marine Corps and the North Vietnamese Army.

The North Vietnamese Army mounted a major assault on the base, which was heavily fortified by the Marines. The siege was one of the longest and bloodiest battles of the Vietnam War, and both sides suffered significant losses. However, the Marines were able to repel the North Vietnamese assault, and the battle is considered a strategic victory for the United States when compared to other Vietnam War battles.

Battle of Hamburger Hill

The Battle of Hamburger Hill was fought in May 1969 in the A Shau Valley of South Vietnam. The battle was fought between the U.S. Army and the North Vietnamese Army.

The U.S. Army launched an assault on Hill 937, which was heavily defended by the North Vietnamese. The fighting was intense and lasted for about a week. The U.S. Army suffered significant losses, and the battle was widely criticized in the media.

The U.S. Army ultimately captured the hill, but the battle was controversial and raised questions about the effectiveness and purpose of the war. The hill was abandoned less than a month later.

U.S. losses during the ten-day battle totaled 72 killed and 372 wounded. To take the hill, the Army committed five infantry battalions and ten batteries of artillery. In addition, the U.S. Air Force flew 272 missions and expended more than 500 tons of ordnance. U.S. estimates of enemy losses was 630 dead.

This battle was also made into a movie in the 1980s and is considered one of the top American movies about Vietnam War battles.

Operation Linebacker II

While not really a battle perse, Operation Linebacker II was a significant event during the war and it should be included in this list of Vietnam War battles. Operation Linebacker II was a bombing campaign carried out by the U.S. Air Force in December 1972 (also known as the Christmas bombings). The campaign was designed to force the North Vietnamese to negotiate a peace settlement.

The U.S. Air Force used B-52 bombers to drop tons of bombs on targets in North Vietnam. The bombing caused significant damage to North Vietnam's infrastructure, and more than 1,600 civilians were killed or injured. The campaign was criticized for its indiscriminate nature, but it ultimately achieved its goal of bringing the North Vietnamese to the negotiating table.

Tet Offensive
In Jan. 1968, during the lunar new year (or “Tet”) holiday, North Vietnamese and communist Viet Cong forces launched a coordinated attack against a number of targets in South Vietnam. The U.S. and South Vietnamese militaries sustained heavy losses before finally repelling the communist assault. The Tet Offensive played an important role in weakening U.S. public support for the war in Vietnam.

When the Tet Offensive ended, both sides had endured losses, and both sides claimed victory. The U.S. and South Vietnamese military response almost completely eliminated enemy forces and regained all of the lost territory.

At the same time, the Tet Offensive weakened domestic support for the Lyndon B. Johnson administration as the vivid reporting on the Tet Offensive by the U.S. media made clear to the American public that an overall victory in Vietnam was not imminent.

Battle of Saigon

The Battle of Saigon was fought in April 1975, and it marked the end of the Vietnam War. This was the finale for all Vietnam War battles. The battle was fought between the North Vietnamese Army and the Army of the Republic of Vietnam.

The North Vietnamese launched a major assault on Saigon, which was the capital of South Vietnam. The fighting was intense, and the North Vietnamese were ultimately victorious. The South Vietnamese army surrendered, and the city fell to the North Vietnamese. The battle marked the end of the Vietnam War and the unification of Vietnam under communist rule.

During this period, many journalists and videographers captured photos and videos of the U.S. military pullout from Vietnam. Atop the U.S. Embassy, helicopters landed and ferried away personnel eligible for evacuation. Out at seas, U.S. navy ships dumped aircraft and other useless equipment overboard in order to lighten the load and make room for evacuees.

Conclusion

The Vietnam War was a difficult and complicated conflict that had a lasting impact on the world. The Vietnam War battles fought during the war were critical in shaping its outcome and defining its legacy.

The battles we explored in this blog post represent only a fraction of the many engagements that took place during the war where U.S. service members fought honorably and bravely. However, they serve as reminders of the immense sacrifice and bravery displayed by the soldiers who fought in this war. Understanding these battles is essential to understanding the Vietnam War and its place in history.

It is important to note that many military strategists and historians believe that the United States did not lose the Vietnam War. Many of these experts believe that the U.S. military did not lose any of the Vietnam War battles it fought.

Of course, opinions vary, and there are some who state that the U.S. military did lose Vietnam War battles and ultimately, the war, but that determination can be defined by an individual if they clearly stipulate what the definition of military victory looks like on the battleground. With defined parameters, then it can be determined if the U.S. won, or lost the Vietnam War.

Introduction

Did you know that military working dogs play a significant role in keeping our country safe? These courageous dogs are trained to handle challenging situations, protect their handlers, and sniff out explosives or drugs.

Military working dogs go through rigorous training at Lackland Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas that involves learning different military dog commands that keep them focused, disciplined and alert. Apart from their work in the military, these commands are basic training skills that you can teach your dog at home.

It is a fact that trained dogs are much happier and are better members of a family. Many times, people incorrectly link behavioral modification (training) with physical corrections or motivations. The fact is, any dog can be trained and a handler does not need to use physical encouragement, force, or corrections in order to teach a dog military dog commands.

Because dogs are social pack animals, they are already biologically inclined to appease the alpha figure in their pack (your family). Teaching them military dog commands that will make them obedient will not only improve their relationship with everyone in the house, it will also give them a fun sense of purpose where they get extra attention from you for being good and showing the desired behaviors.

Imagine a house where a person knocks on the door and the dog barks once, but remains quiet and goes to a predetermined place where he or she sits and patiently waits until they are released from their place. Imagine a dog that walks beside you and does not pull when you are out on walks. It is all possible if you just invest a little time and patience into training your dog and teaching them some basic commands.

In this post, we’ll discuss military dog commands that you can teach your dog.

Sit

This command is one of the most basic commands for all dogs. The “Sit!” command is the basic starting block of military dog commands and once dogs learn this basic command and action, the rest is easy because it establishes communication with your dog.

Sitting is beneficial in teaching your dog to stay calm and focused. When you teach your dog the "Sit!" command, you are encouraging obedience and reducing the likelihood of unwanted behaviors. For example, teaching your dog to sit when visitors arrive can help them stay calm and friendly. To teach this command, you can use treat rewards and practice frequently until your dog learns.

Remember, dogs are living creatures and they are prone to make mistakes. They will slip up and not do military dog commands 100 percent accurately at all times. The key to dog training success is to be patient, be consistent and remember to praise them up when they do well and correct errant actions.

Stay

The "Stay!" command is another of the essential military dog commands that teaches your dog to remain in one position until you give a release command. This command promotes obedience and helps to keep your dog safe when necessary.

For instance, if you're crossing a busy road and need to keep your dog in a secure position, the "Stay!" command can be used. To teach this command, you can gradually increase the distance between you and your dog and reward them each time they successfully follow the command.

In the military, working dogs are taught hand and arm signals that a handler can use to communicate with their dog silently, without saying a word.

Heel

The "Heel!" command is one of the military dog commands for dogs that love to pull on their leashes. This command teaches your dog to walk calmly by your side without aggressively pulling or tugging on the leash. It also allows you to keep control over your dog when you're out and about.

You can teach this command by keeping your dog on your left side and using treat rewards to reinforce obedience. If your pet is not motivated by food, although most dogs are, you can use a toy or rubs as a behavior reinforcement.

Down

The "Down!" command is useful for teaching your dog to lie down or stop moving. This command teaches your dog to remain still and calm, no matter what is happening around them.

For example, if you're in a busy area, you can ask your dog to "Down!" to keep them still and avoid them from getting hurt. You can teach this command using the lure-and-reward training method. Out of all the military dog commands taught, this one is likely easiest since lying down is a welcome position for just about any animal.

Come

The "Come!" command is an essential command that teaches your dog to return to you. This command is useful when you're out and about or want to keep your dog safe. To teach this command, you can use the lure-and-reward training method and practice frequently.

Another method is to keep your dog on a long training lead and couple that with a reward.

Conclusion

Military dogs play an important role in our society, and learning how they are trained can benefit your dog. Basic commands, such as sit, stay, heel, down and come are crucial commands that keep your dog disciplined, obedient, and calm.

If you feel like making things really interesting and fun, especially if kids are involved in the training of your dog, teach your dog the commands in a language other than English or make up your own commands using a made-up language or strange sounds or whistles.

These military dog commands also help to reduce unwanted behaviors and potential health risks. Teaching your dog these commands is a process that requires practice, patience, and consistency. But with time, your dog will learn and develop the skills necessary to be obedient in any situation. Your dog deserves the best, and learning these commands will enhance the bond between you and your furry friend.

Introduction

Military dogs are an integral part of armed forces around the world. These intelligent, brave, and loyal canines are trained to perform various tasks, such as detecting explosives, tracking down enemies, and aiding in search and rescue missions.

Dogs have been employed within the military ranks since the Roman Legions, if not earlier. They were used on battlefields to carry messages, to detect enemy, and as weapons.

While many dog breeds are capable of serving in the military, some breeds are preferred due to their innate abilities and temperament. In this blog post, we will discuss six military dog breeds that you need to know about.

German Shepherd

The German Shepherd is one of the most popular military dog breeds in the world, and for a good reason. With their intelligence, courage, and loyalty, they make excellent military dogs. Their keen sense of smell, speed, and agility make them ideal for tracking and detecting explosives and enemy combatants. German Shepherds are also known for their versatility, which allows them to serve in various roles, such as search and rescue, patrol, and guard duty.

German Shepherds were the military working dog standard for decades, but well-bred Shepherds have a shorter service life than other working military dog breeds because Shepherds are known to get hip dysplasia and that decreases their usability in rigorous military activities.

Nonetheless, German Shepherds have served gallantly alongside of their military handlers for hundreds of years. One of the more famous U.S. military working dogs, Nemo, was a sentry dog in Vietnam who in 1966 detected an inbound enemy element that was going to attack an air base. Nemo alerted and a firefight ensued.

Nemo was shot in the face and he lost an eye from the gunfight. That night the security forces at the airbase engaged an element of roughly 60 bad guys and they killed more than a dozen thanks to Nemo.

In the 1980s, the U.S. military began to transition to another breed of dog, the Belgian Red, better known as the Belgian Malinois.

Belgian Malinois

The Belgian Malinois is a medium-sized dog breed that's highly prized in the military due to its agility, intelligence, and high energy levels. These dogs are often used for tasks that require speed and precision, such as bomb detection and tracking. Belgian Malinois are also known for their loyalty and devotion to their handlers, making them excellent partners in high-stress situations.

A famous military working dog, Cairo, was a part of the S.E.A.L team that killed Osama Bin Laden. Malinois definitely get bonus points as one of the most kick ass military dog breeds. Cairo died of health issues and had to be put down in 2015.

There is also Lucca, a half-breed Marine Corps explosives detection dog who served deployments in Iraq and Afghanistan during her six-year career, leading nearly 400 patrols and identifying about 40 improvised explosive devices, according to the Department of Defense.

Not a single Marine was injured while following the half German shepherd, half Belgian Malinois. But on March 23, 2012, Lucca was injured while leading a patrol in Afghanistan with her handler. Shortly after she found an IED, another device detonated, badly injuring Lucca. Her handler applied a tourniquet and she was quickly placed on a medevac for advanced treatment.

She survived, but she lost her left front leg. Lucca was medically retired, but quickly adjusted to life with three limbs and a new home with her original handler. She died in 2018.

It is important to note that Belgians also have a high-performing cousin that is also highly coveted by the U.S. military, the Dutch Shepherd.

Dutch Shepherd

The Dutch Shepherd is a highly intelligent, reliable, obedient and alert working dog. They are from sturdy, hardworking stock, like the Reds, and they have their roots in farming and ranching. They come in a variety of colors.

The Dutch Shepherd was one of the more well-used military dog breeds in the U.S. inventory. These military dog breeds are still widely used in the Netherlands as well.

Their breeding slowed during World War II and after the war, breeders were forced to mix the bloodline with other canines breeds to make what is the modern day Dutch Shepherd.

Labrador Retriever

The Labrador Retriever is one of the most popular dog breeds in the world, and for good reason. With their friendly and outgoing nature, they make excellent companions and service dogs.

In the military, Labradors are often used as explosive detection and search and rescue dogs. They're also known for their keen sense of smell, which allows them to detect even the slightest trace of explosive materials.

Labs also come in various colors and have shown that they are a robust breed that can tackle the challenges and rigors of military service. This dog breed deployed extensively throughout the U.S. Central Command area of operations during the Global War on Terrorism. They are great for smaller garrisons, on aircraft or on U.S. Navy ships where spaces are tight.

One famous furry friend was Gabe, an Operation Iraqi Freedom veteran. Gabe, was a pound puppy before he was adopted and trained for military service. Just weeks after completing training in 2006 with his handler, Army Staff Sgt. Chuck Shuck, the two deployed to Iraq, where Gabe sniffed out insurgent explosives, ammunition and other weapons.

He was exceptionally productive, racking up 26 finds during his 170 combat patrols. Gabe returned home laden with accolades, and Shuck adopted him when he retired. Even then, Gabe worked on behalf of the nation, visiting with kids and wounded soldiers in hospitals. Gabe died in 2013 from cancer.

Rottweiler

The popularity of the Rottweiler as a military working dog has faded considerably. The Rottweiler is a large dog breed that's often used in the military due to its natural protective instincts, loyalty, and courage. They have a massive head and a large mouth which makes catching and holding a suspect quite easy for them.

These dogs are often used as guard dogs and patrol dogs due to their formidable size and strength. They are one of the few military dog breeds whose appearance is a deterrent. Rottweilers are also highly intelligent and trainable, which makes them ideal for tasks that require discipline and precision.

Culturally, Rottweilers are always portrayed as furry biting machines. In movies they are aligned with Satan as a hound from hell or they are presented as extraordinarily mean guarding machines. Rotts are big, intimidating and self-starters when it comes to patrol work, and part of the reputation is deserved because this is a military dog breed whose bite is actually worse than its bark.

Doberman Pinscher

Much like their thicker, stockier cousin the Rottweiler, the Doberman Pinscher has slowly faded from the ranks of the U.S. military dog breeds that are used. But the medium-large dog breed is still often used in the military and police forces around the world due to its speed, agility, and high energy levels.

These dogs are often used as patrol and guard dogs, as well as for tracking and detection tasks. Dobermans are also known for their intelligence, which allows them to quickly learn and execute complex tasks.

At one point in time, people thought that Dobermans were so smart, in fact, that they made a movie in the 1970s called the Doberman Gang. The movie’s storyline is about criminals who pair up with a dog trainer and teach dogs how to rob a bank. Yes, we’re serious.

The dog tricks in the movie are pretty good, but the rest of it, well, let’s just finish up this blog post.

Conclusion

Military dogs play a vital role in modern-day warfare, and these six military dog breeds are some of the most preferred and highly trained canines in the military. While these military dog breeds have innate abilities and temperament that make them ideal for serving in the military, it's important to note that any dog can be trained to perform various tasks with proper training, socialization, and patience.

Whether you're looking for a loyal and brave companion or a dog to perform specific tasks, these breeds are worth considering. However, consider looking at the local animal shelter or reach out to the local military base to see if they have any retiring dogs that can be adopted.

While it is true that you can teach an old dog new tricks, retiring military working dogs and dogs from the local shelter deserve a great home just as much as purebred dogs.

Introduction

Presidents always fascinate us. Whether it’s their policies, their views on different issues, or their personality traits – they always capture our attention. However, there is much more that we don't know about our presidents other than what we learned from their time in office. Here, we have compiled 10 fun and interesting facts about presidents that everyone should know.

George Washington Didn't Have Wooden Teeth

This one is always atop of the list of fun facts about presidents. One of the most widely known facts about George Washington is that he had wooden teeth. However, that's not entirely true.

George Washington had several sets of dentures, but they were not made of wood. In fact, they were commonly made from hippopotamus ivory, human teeth, and even animal teeth.

Teddy Roosevelt Wrote More Than 30 Books

Everyone knows Teddy Roosevelt was a president who loved adventure and the thrill of excitement, but Roosevelt makes it onto the list of fun facts about presidents because he wrote more than 30 books. That’s right. His writings cover a wide range of topics, from hunting and nature to politics and history.

Thomas Jefferson’s Inventions

Thomas Jefferson was a jack of all trades. In addition to being a founding father who wrote the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson also invented the swivel chair, the dumbwaiter, and a revolving book stand.

So go ahead and spin in your swivel chair if you’re reading this at your desk and enjoy more fun facts about presidents.

John F. Kennedy and the PT-109 Boat

During World War II, John F. Kennedy served in the U.S. Navy and was the captain of a Patrol Torpedo (PT) boat. On Aug. 2, 1943, PT-109 was rammed by a Japanese destroyer, and Kennedy and his crew were forced to swim to an island. With Kennedy's leadership, the surviving members of the crew were finally rescued. Maybe that anecdote doesn’t qualify as fun facts about presidents, but it is a heck of a story.

Abraham Lincoln's Ironclad Warship

During the American Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln saw a need for a new type of warship that could withstand enemy fire. He authorized the creation of an “ironclad” vessel covered in metal plates. This new type of ship would change naval warfare forever.

Again, this example likely does not fit for a blog post that lists fun facts about presidents, but it is pretty cool to know where our modern Navy’s roots came from.

First president to live in the White House

There are probably thousands of fun facts about presidents, but did you know that John Adams was the first president to live in the White House? The White House wasn't always the luxurious home we know it as today. In fact, when John Adams moved into the White House in 1800, it was still unfinished.

Adams was known to love the peace and quiet of the White House and often took long walks on the grounds. He also advocated for using the White House to host diplomatic receptions and other formal events, solidifying the building's place as the center of American political life.

FDR was the only president to serve more than two terms

Did you know that Franklin D. Roosevelt was the only president to serve more than two terms? It just goes to show how much the American people trusted and admired him. He led the country through the Great Depression and World War II, and they still wanted him in charge for another round.

It is hard to imagine that FDR was having any fun while he was the president, but at least we get to share some fun facts about presidents like him.

A Spider-Man Comic Collector

Barack Obama is a huge fan of Spider-Man and among his various interests and hobbies, Obama has a soft spot for the friendly neighborhood webslinger. He has been known to collect Spider-Man comics and even referenced the superhero in his speeches.

It's not every day you hear about a world leader being a fanboy for a comic book character. It just goes to show that even those in the highest positions of power can have a fun and quirky side to them and make the list of fun facts about presidents.

The Buck Stops Here

Of all the fun facts about presidents we’ve mentioned so far, none has had more impact on American culture than this saying which is still used today. “The buck stops here!” was a phrase coined by Harry S. Truman. He popularized the phrase.

Truman was one of our nation's most beloved presidents, known for his down-to-earth demeanor and no-nonsense attitude. So, it makes sense that he would want to emphasize that he was willing to take responsibility for whatever came his way. So, he put a sign on his desk, right in plain view for all to see. And it worked - he became known as a leader who was willing to take charge and get things done.

A president with 50 film credits

The last fun facts about presidents are about Ronald Reagan, the 40th President of the United States. Prior to becoming president, he was an actor. Before he got into politics, he appeared in more than 50 films, from westerns to romantic comedies, he definitely had some range when it came to acting.

Conclusion

These are just a few fun facts about presidents. Next time you hear about President Washington’s wooden teeth or John F. Kennedy’s PT-109 boat, you can share these lesser-known facts with your friends and family. No matter where your interest lies - inventions, literature, or even naval history - there is a president for everyone.

Introduction

The Buffalo Soldiers are renowned for being the first all-Black regiment in the U.S. Army. The regiment, which was created after the Civil War, was made up of former slaves, freemen, and Black Civil War veterans.

What many people don't know is that the Buffalo Soldiers also had a female member. Cathay Williams, the only documented woman to serve as a Buffalo Soldier, served her country, joining the Army after the Civil War had ended. In this post, we'll delve more into her story.

Who was Cathay Williams

Cathay Williams, who was born into slavery in Independence, Missouri, in 1844, was the daughter of a plantation owner (father) and a slave (mother). After her father passed away, she was sold to several different owners. In 1861, when the Civil War broke out, she worked for the Union Army as a laundress until a scourging disease forced her to leave.

How her relationship with the Union Army started in 1861 is still unknown. Some argue that Williams was forced into service as captured contraband, a common practice back then where captured slaves were placed into support roles as cooks, laundresses or medical assistants. Others argue she served voluntarily.

Whatever you believe, by 17, Williams started her professional relationship with the U.S. Army by serving with the 8th Indiana Volunteer Infantry Regiment commanded by Col. William Plummer Benton.

Cathay Williams traveled with the 8th Indiana for several years, participating in marches through Arkansas, Louisiana, and Georgia. She was present at the Battle of Pea Ridge and the Red River Campaign. Later, Williams was transferred to Washington, D.C., where she served under Gen. Philip Sheridan.

On Nov. 15, 1866, after the Civil War ended, Williams joined the U.S. Army. She informed her recruiting officer that she was a 22-year-old cook. He described her as 5' 9", with black eyes, black hair and black complexion. She identified herself as William Cathay.

An Army surgeon examined Cathay and determined the recruit was fit for duty, thus sealing her fate in history as the first documented black woman to enlist in the Army even though U.S. Army regulations forbade the enlistment of women. However, women weren't allowed to enlist in the Army or any other military branch at that time, so she disguised herself as a man and adopted the name William Cathay.

Cathay Williams the Soldier

She became a private in the 38th Infantry Regiment, which later became the 24th Infantry Regiment. When her company headed to their first post at Fort Riley, Kansas, Cathay stayed behind with smallpox. Catching up with the company at Fort Riley, Cathay once again went to the hospital. This time with a severe skin rash.

Later that summer, the entire company (including Cathay) marched 500 miles to Fort Union in northeastern New Mexico. But during their march, cholera swept through the company. When Company A finally arrived at Fort Union, the post surgeon barred them from the fort and quarantined them on the prairie beyond the fort.

After a brief stay at Fort Union, Company A marched another 350 miles to Fort Cummings in southwest New Mexico. During an eight-month stay at Fort Cummings, Cathay had two more stints in the hospital. In June 1868, Company A transferred to Fort Bayard and Cathay checked into the post hospital almost immediately.

Three months later, Cathay was back in the Fort Bayard hospital. This time, the post surgeon made an astounding discovery. Private Cathay was a woman. The official Army recruiting paperwork makes no mention of Cathay's real gender.

Cathay Williams the Veteran

Williams was discharged from the Army by her commanding officer, Captain Charles E. Clarke on October 14, 1868. Cathay was given a discharge that stated that she was continually on sick report and mentally and physically feeble as a soldier. Many argue today that she was discharged because of her gender, but the Army’s official reason for discharge was that her health wasn’t good. She was given a disability discharge certificate.

In the aftermath of her Army tour of duty, Williams was a mystery. According to the National Park Service and its historians, it is uncertain why she masqueraded as a man to join the Army. She was illiterate, and left no diaries or letters. Nor are there any known photographs of her.

In a January 1876 interview published in the St. Louis Daily Times, she said “I wanted to make my own living and not be dependent on relations or friends.”

The National Park Service says that after her discharge, Williams worked as a cook for one of the officers at Fort Union, New Mexico. After leaving Fort Union, she worked as a laundress and cook around the region. Her last known location was in Trinidad, Colorado, in 1892, when she would have been about 48. She disappeared from the Trinidad census rolls after 1892 so historians are not sure if she died there or moved away.

Cathay Williams Pension Fight

Williams married after her service, but it ended disastrously when her husband stole her money, jewelry and a team of horses. Around late 1889 or early 1890, Williams was hospitalized for some time, and in June 1891, 25 years after her discharge, Williams applied for a disability pension based on her military service.

The nature of her illness and disability are unknown. It is important to note that other women who had disguised themselves as men and served in the American military had been granted pensions prior to Williams serving. There are several from the Revolutionary War, for example. However, in September 1893, a doctor employed by the U.S. Pension Bureau examined Williams and determined she did not qualify for disability payments. Her application was rejected. 

It is unknown where she died and what caused her death. If she was buried odds are her grave marker was likely made of wood and could have easily rotted away leaving no trace of her burial.

Conclusion Cathay Williams

Cathay Williams is a symbol of hope and inspiration to all women, especially African Americans. Despite being born into enslavement, experiencing various forms of abuse, and facing gender discrimination, she served her country.

Her story should be remembered and told as the tale of the first woman to serve as a Buffalo Soldier. By learning her story, we can draw inspiration for achieving great things despite challenging life circumstances, paving the way for future generations.

Introduction

The Montford Point Marines were the first African Americans to serve in the Marine Corps during a time when segregation was the norm. From 1942 to 1949, more than 20,000 black men underwent training at the segregated Montford Point Camp in Jacksonville, North Carolina.

Despite facing discrimination and prejudice within the Marine Corps, these Marines played a pivotal role in the desegregation of the Armed Forces. In this blog post, we explore the legacy of the Montford Point Marines and their contributions to American history.

The History of Montford Point Marines

In April 1941, during a meeting of the General Board of the Navy — a body roughly comparable to the War Department General Staff — the Commandant of the Marine Corps, Major General Thomas Holcomb, declared that blacks had no place in the organization he headed. “If it were a question of having a Marine Corps of 5,000 whites or 250,000 Negroes,” he said, “I would rather have the whites.”

The Montford Point Camp was established in 1942 as a segregated training facility for African American Marines. Before the establishment of Montford Point, African Americans were barred from serving in the Marine Corps as were Native Americans and other minorities. Franklin D. Roosevelt's creation of the Fair Employment Practices Commission in 1941 mandated that the Marine Corps, despite objections from its leadership, recruit African American Marines in 1942.

The Montford Point Marines received a rigorous boot camp experience and extensive training under all-white officer leaders. In 1943, black noncommissioned officers replaced the original white drill instructors who according to historians pushed the recruits harder than had their white predecessors. The first combat unit formed at Montford Point was the 51st Defense Battalion and it was organized in 1943.

The Role of Montford Point Marines in World War II

Despite the obstacles they faced, the Montford Point Marines played a crucial role in the success of Allied forces during World War II. They served in various campaigns throughout the Pacific Theater, including Saipan, Guam, and Iwo Jima. More than 13,000 of the 20,000 trained at Montford Point served in overseas areas including Japan and Guadalcanal during WWII and later in Vietnam.

Members of the 51st and 52nd Defense Battalions were never placed in combat, but members of both ammunition and depot companies saw action in some of the Pacific campaign’s bloodiest battles, including Saipan, Peleliu, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa.

Despite the segregation and racism they experienced Montford Point Marines exhibited remarkable bravery and determination on the battlefield. Their actions helped to break down the barriers of segregation in the Marine Corps.

The Legacy of the Montford Point Marines

The legacy of the Montford Point Marines extends beyond their military service. After World War II, the Civil Rights Movement gained momentum. The bravery and determination of the Montford Point Marines helped to pave the way for future civil rights activists to fight for equal rights and opportunities.

In 2012, the Montford Point Marines were collectively awarded the Congressional Gold Medal, the highest civilian award in the United States. This recognition was long overdue for the sacrifices and contributions these Marines made to American history.

Remembering the Montford Point Marines

It is important to remember the contributions of the Montford Point Marines and honor their legacy. There are several ways to do this, including visiting the Montford Point Marine Museum in Jacksonville, North Carolina, which tells the story of these brave men through historical exhibits and artifacts. Another way to honor the Montford Point Marines is to support organizations that provide scholarships and other assistance to the families of these veterans. Additionally, sharing their story with future generations ensures that their legacy lives on.

Lessons Learned from the Montford Point Marines

The Montford Point Marines overcame immense barriers of racism and segregation to serve their country, and their legacy continues to inspire and educate on the importance of resilience in our Armed Forces. Their example serves as a reminder that even in the face of adversity, courage and determination, can lead to triumph. We must continue to honor their contributions and remember their sacrifices to ensure that their legacy is never forgotten.

The Montford Point Marine program wasn’t the first time African American servicemembers were called into service. Partway through the War of 1812, demand for servicemembers increased, and the Navy had to work around a ban it had in place on the recruitment of African Americans.

During the American Revolution and the Civil War, slave owners sent slaves to serve for them. In the Civil War more than 180,000 African Americans served, some of whom were former slaves and fugitives who fled to the North and fought for the Union. And there are stories we now know to be true about all black units like the 54th Massachusetts Regiment who fought bravely during the Civil War.

The ramp-up to World War II demanded a dramatic increase in enlistment and more than 1 million African Americans served and of those 835,000 went to the Army, served in combat and eventually would be presented with some of the nation’s highest awards for gallantry in combat. Many African American men served in the U.S. Navy where the Navy allowed them to serve as stewards or messmen. One of them, Doris Miller, would earn the Navy Cross at Pearl Harbor.

Conclusion

The Montford Point Marines represent a pivotal moment in American history and the fight for civil rights. Their legacy has inspired and will continue to inspire future generations of service members and civilians alike.

Remembering their contributions and honoring their bravery is essential in ensuring that their legacy lives on and that the Marine Corps strives to tell a complete story of the Marine Corps. The Marine Corps has a duty to keep the memory of the Montford Point Marines alive and continue the progress they helped to start.

The Montford Point Marine Training Facility was shut down in 1949 after President Harry S. Truman issued Executive Order 9981 which desegregated the U.S. Armed Forces.

Semper Fi.

Outdoor enthusiasts and veterans know that every adventure or mission comes with risks. That's why they always have to gear up with the right equipment to ensure their safety. Military tactical gear is not only designed for military use but can also be used for hunting, hiking, camping, and other outdoor activities. In this blog, we will talk about the essential military tactical gear that every outdoor enthusiast and veteran should have.

Tactical Backpack

A tactical backpack is a vital item for outdoor enthusiasts, service members, and veterans. It is not only designed to store and carry military tactical gear, but they also offer durability and comfort. Look for a backpack with a MOLLE system that a user can use to attach different equipment, pouches, and accessories. A waterproof backpack is also an important feature to guarantee that your gear stays dry in wet conditions.

Purchasing the right tactical backpack is a big decision. Take your time, shop around and ensure you are picking a tactical backpack that can easily and efficiently carry military tactical gear. Shoulder strap and lower back padding, as well as a spinal support skeleton are key features most can’t do without.

Tactical Boots

A good pair of tactical boots is an essential item for any outdoor activity and has to be included on any list of military tactical gear. Tactical boots provide the support, stability, and comfort needed for long hours of hiking or standing, or for whatever rigors await. Make sure to choose boots made of durable materials such as leather, nylon, or suede. Breathable boots are critical in the outdoors.

Military-style boots come with extra features such as waterproofing, insulation, and shock absorption. Most have great warranties too.

Tactical Gloves

Tactical gloves offer hand protection from scratches, cuts, and bruises. They also provide a better grip on equipment, tools, and firearms while keeping hands warm. Tactical gloves are essential military tactical gear because the human hand is the most important tool any outdoorsman, veteran or service member has, so protecting hands is important.

Look for gloves with reinforced knuckles and palms that can stand up to rough handling. Tactical gloves are available in different styles and materials such as leather, neoprene, Kevlar, and nylon. There are also tactical gloves that have lights at the joints that enhance dexterity in darkness by illuminating the task at hand, pardon the pun.

Tactical Flashlight

Speaking of illumination, a tactical flashlight is must-have military tactical gear for outdoor enthusiasts and veterans. It not only provides illumination in low-light conditions but it can also be used for signaling, self-defense, and emergency situations.

Look for a flashlight with a high lumen output, long battery life, and durable construction. The tactical flashlight is available in handheld, mountable, or weapon-mounted styles.

The type of military tactical gear purchased for illumination will vary based activity or mission needs, but relying on a cellphone flashlight is probably not a good idea when there are a lot of items to purchase that provide great illumination.

Tactical Knife

A tactical knife provides many functions, including cutting, slicing, sawing, and piercing. Like flashlights, there is a large variety of military tactical gear that a person can purchase as their tactical knife. Select based on the planned activities and mission.

Tactical knives can be used for survival, self-defense, or other outdoor tasks like whittling, cutting fishing line or rope, cleaning a fish, field prepping a deer or other hunted animal, and just about anything else done with a knife. Tactical knives are important military tactical gear.

A good tactical knife should have a sturdy blade made of high-quality steel that can withstand heavy use and abuse. Look for a knife that comes with a sheath that allows you to carry it safely.

Multipurpose Tool

If a tactical knife does not fit the mission or activities, then consider a multitool. This must-have military tactical gear offers multiple functions in a single tool.

The tools can tackle a variety of tasks and because of the items available for use on them, they are versatile and portable. This military tactical gear is essential for any camper, hunter or fisherman. Many even have saw blades.

The multitool is so useful, in fact, that many veterans and service members carry them instead of tactical knives. USAMM recommends both because Murphy is out there just waiting. Does not matter if you are in wilderness or in some third world nation on a mission, a multitool can provide the needed solution for most problems.

GPS

Situational awareness is important to any outdoorsman or operator. Location intelligence is important to anyone doing anything outside in the wild or someone who is out in open water. A GPS is considered must-have military tactical gear for outdoor activities since it provides precise location information. 

GPS systems are incredibly helpful for those exploring unfamiliar terrain and they can be used in a variety of activity settings. Like anything, the more you pay for a GPS, the likely it is to be more robust. Ensure to buy something that can get regular map upgrades and something that is weather proof.

First Aid Kits

First aid kits are central in any list of military tactical gear. Missions, even simple ones that might not be dangerous, can still cause injuries. Equipment and vehicles fail, weather is unpredictable sometimes and other factors can lead to injuries that require medical attention and supplies.

Aid kits ensure the needed medical supplies are on hand. It is important to note that the aid kit should be some place where everyone on the mission or outing knows where it is. Medical supplies are worthless if nobody knows where they are or how to use them. So ensure first aid skills are up to par before venturing out.

Military tactical gear is important so make sure to invest in high-quality equipment that can withstand the harsh outdoor elements and provide the support and protection that is needed. Remember to always prioritize safety.

Whether camping, hiking, hunting, or working, make sure to gear up with the right military tactical gear and enjoy every moment of your adventure and be ready for anything Murphy throws at you.